Experience of Social Discrimination in Leisure Activities of Persons with Mental Disabilities Compared with Persons with Physical Disabilities / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#To compare experiences of social discrimination in leisure activities between persons with mental disabilities and those with physical disabilities. @*Methods@#This study analyzed data of the National Survey of People with Disabilities in 2020. Data from 311 persons with mental disabilities and 2,488 persons with physical disabilities were subjected to frequency analysis, x2 test, and hierarchical logistic regression. @*Results@#In model 1, the experience of social discrimination in leisure activities was higher for persons with mental disabilities than for persons with physical disabilities (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14~1.88). In model 2, the experience of social discrimination in leisure activities was higher for persons with mental disabilities than for persons with physical disabilities (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00~1.72). In model 3 and model 4, there was no significant difference in the experience of social discrimination in leisure activities between the two groups (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.92~1.61 in model 3; OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.94~1.66 in model 4). @*Conclusion@#It was found that average monthly household income, residence area, and community medical staff's understanding of disability had more impact on the experience of social discrimination in leisure activities of persons with mental disabilities.

Characteristics of Early Onset Dementia and Caring Experiences and Service Needs of Family Caregivers: A Mixed Methods Study / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the caring experiences of the family caregivers of patients with early-onset dementia, and identify the characteristics of early-onset dementia. @*Methods@#A qualitative study was conducted using Colaizzi‘s phenomenological method to explore the caring experiences and service needs of ten family caregivers. A quantitative study was carried out by secondary data analysis to compare the differences in disease characteristics and comorbidities between early and late-onset dementia. @*Results@#The experiences of the family caregivers of patients with early-onset dementia were ‘Learning about dementia’, ‘Away from everyday life’, ‘Facing dementia’, and ‘Barely managing’. The study also revealed that one out of five dementia patients had early-onset dementia. However, most dementia services are concentrated on late-onset dementia. Thus, the family and caregivers of early-onset dementia patients experience relatively inadequate services. @*Conclusion@#This study’s findings identified the characteristics of early-onset dementia, as well as the caring experiences and service needs of family caregivers from a more holistic perspective, and will contribute to the development of adequate nursing intervention programs and policies in the future.

The Impact Factors on Mental Health of Male and Female Korean Adolescents - Focusing on Sexual Experience: Analyzing Data from the 11th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#This study explored the effect of adolescents’ sexual behavior on mental health according to behavior, demographic, and sex-related characteristics. @*Methods@#The 11th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey was conducted with 67,427 adolescents in South Korea. The hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the relationship between adolescents’ sexual behavior and mental health (i.e., stress, depressive state, suicidal ideation, and subjective happiness). @*Results@#Male and female adolescents were more likely to experience stress, depression, and suicidal ideation if they were high school students, low-income, smoked, drank, and/or had low academic achievement. Those with sexual experience showed higher levels of stress and depression and suicidal ideation rates and lower happiness. After controlling for a variety of covariates, including individual, family, and school factors, adolescents experienced sexual intercourse showed significantly higher mental health status ORs than those who had not had intercourse. @*Conclusion@#It is necessary to provide an expanded health education program that combines healthy lifestyle and mental health promotion rather than fragmentary sex education to prevent negative physical and mental consequences of sexual intercourse among adolescents.

Correlations between the Status of the Umbilical Cord and Neonatal Health Status

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify correlations between the status of the umbilical cord and neonatal health status. @*Methods@#In total, 172 newborns were enrolled who were admitted to the newborn nursery with a gestational age of 35 weeks or older and a body weight of 2 kg or above. Data were collected on the basic personal information of the newborns, the diameter and soft tissue status of the umbilical cord, and neonatal health status after birth. Analyses were performed using t-test, analysis of variance, x2 test, and Fisher exact test. @*Results@#Umbilical cord diameter exhibited a statistically significant difference by sex (t=2.71, p=.007). A thin umbilical cord diameter was associated with a 1-minute Apgar score less than 8 points (t=2.47, p=.015) and with being transferred to the intensive care unit (t=2.45, p=.015). Poor soft tissue status of the umbilical cord was associated with a 1-minute Apgar score of less than 8 points (x2=16.68, p<.001) and with oxygen being supplied (x2=4.81, p=.028). @*Conclusion@#Assessing the umbilical cord diameter and status in newborns is an important tool for evaluating neonatal health status after birth, and this point also underscores the importance of professionals' careful observations in the newborn nursery.

Suicidal Behaviors of Culturally Diverse Adolescents with Sexual Experience: Using Date from the 10~12th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate how sexual experience associate with the suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt among culturally diverse adolescents compared with Korean adolescents. METHODS: This study used a secondary data analysis study with the data derived from the 10~12th (2014~2016) Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Data of 2,201 culturally diverse adolescents and 189,278 Korean adolescents were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, χ² test, and hierarchical logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: After controlled for individual, family and social factors as compounding variables, the suicide ideation of culturally diverse adolescents with sexual experience was higher for 1.72 (95% CI: 1.24~2.38), suicide plan for 2.24 (95% CI: 1.58~3.17) and suicide attempt for 2.71 (95% CI: 1.87~3.93) compared to Korean adolescents without sexual experience. Regardless of cultural diversity, the risk of suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt of adolescents with sexual experience was higher than adolescents without sexual experience. CONCLUSION: Our study findings indicate the highest need to prevent suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt among culturally diversity adolescents with sexual experience among all the other adolescents' group.

Body Image Dissatisfaction as a Mediator of the Association between BMI, Self-esteem and Mental Health in Early Adolescents: A Multiple-group Path Analysis across Gender

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine not only the relationships between body mass index (BMI), self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction (BID) and mental health, according to gender, but the mediating role of BID on mental health in relation to BMI and self-esteem among early adolescents. METHODS: Data from 576 (296 boys and 280 girls) elementary school students in grades 5 to 6 were collected. A multiple-group path analysis was utilized to examine the relationships between BMI, self-esteem, BID and mental health by gender. RESULTS: In the path analysis for all students, poor mental health was related directly to BID, while it was indirectly related to BMI and self-esteem. In the multiple-group path analysis of both genders, BID was found to have a significant direct and indirect effect on mental health for girls alone. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that BID should be examined early to prevent poor mental health in early adolescent girls. This study helps to elucidate the role of early adolescent BID on mental health and provides insight for further prevention and intervention programs in school and community mental health settings.

Individual and Environmental Factors Influencing Questionable Development among Low-income Children: Differential Impact during Infancy versus Early Childhood

PURPOSE: From the holistic environmental perspective, individual and environmental influences on low-income children's questionable development were identified and examined as to differences in the influences according to the child's developmental stage of infancy (age 0-35 months) or early childhood (age 36-71 months). METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional comparative design using negative binominal regression analysis to identify predictors of questionable development separately for each developmental stage. The sample was comprised of 952 children (357 in infancy and 495 in early childhood) from low-income families in South Korea. Predictors included individual factors: child's age and gender; proximal environmental influences: family factors (family health conditions, primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationship, depression in primary caregiver) and institution factors (daycare enrollment, days per week in daycare); and distal environmental influences: income/resources factors (family income, personal resources and social resources); and community factors (perceived child-rearing environment). The outcome variable was questionable development. RESULTS: Significant contributors to questionable development in the infancy group were age, family health conditions, and personal resources; in the early childhood group, significant contributors were gender, family health conditions, grandparent as a primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationships, daycare enrollment, and personal resources. CONCLUSION: Factors influencing children's questionable development may vary by developmental stage. It is important to consider differences in individual and environmental influences when developing targeted interventions to ensure that children attain their optimal developmental goals at each developmental stage. Understanding this may lead nursing professionals to design more effective preventive interventions for low-income children.

Effects of an Infant/Toddler Health Program on Parenting Knowledge, Behavior, Confidence, and Home Environment in Low-income Mothers

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a mother/infant-toddler health program developed to enhance parenting knowledge, behavior and confidence in low income mothers and home environment. METHODS: A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. Sixty-nine dyads of mothers and infant-toddlers (aged 0-36 months) were provided with weekly intervention for seven session. Each session consisted of three parts; first, educating to increase integrated knowledge related to the development of the infant/toddler including nutrition, first aid and home environment; second, counseling to share parenting experience among the mothers and to increase their nurturing confidence; third, playing with the infant/toddler to facilitate attachment-based parenting behavior for the mothers. RESULTS: Following the programs, there were significant increases in parenting knowledge on nutrition and first aid. A significant improvement was found in attachment-based parenting behavior, but not in home safety practice. Nurturing confidence was not significantly increased. The program led to more positive home environment for infant/toddler's health and development. CONCLUSION: The findings provide evidence for mother-infant/toddler health program to improve parenting knowledge, attachment-based parenting behavior and better home environment in low income mothers. Study of the long term effectiveness of this program is recommended for future research.

Survey for Community Attitudes toward People with Mental Illness

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate community attitudes towards people with mental illness and to mental health services. METHODS: From August to October of 2006, 474 citizens of Siheung city were asked to give demographic data and their personal attitude toward mental illness and mental health services. RESULTS: The residents of Siheung community showed slightly negative attitudes, with a mean opinion about mental illness score of 93.38+/-17.29. According to the study, health professionals and citizens showed a positive attitude to the establishment of day care centers and residential facilities (62.2% and 55.4% respectively). Civil servants showed negative attitudes (40.4%). There were significant differences in attitudes according to gender, age, education level, occupation, religion, and income. Positive attitudes were found for health professionals and negative attitudes for civil servants. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate a need to provide public information and education for civil servants, and for those who have negative attitudes, in particular, men, people in the younger age group, who have lower education levels, who are Buddhists, monthly renters, who have a monthly income below 1 million won, who have no children and no experience with people who have a mental illness.